ESAM and hyperlipidemia: On the other hand, hyperlipidemia can also increase the levels of oxidized LDL (ox LDL), which can and monocytes/macrophages combine to form macrophages to phagocytose lipids; meanwhile, chemotactic monocytes bind to endothelial cell adhesion molecules and stimulate various cytokines and growth factors production, finally forming atherosclerotic lesions [24].