AKT1 and glioblastoma: Several of these identified pathways were consistent with previous reports; for example, the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was previously reported to induce cell survival and malignant transformation in GBM (Ahn et al., 2004; Koul et al., 2006), while extracellular matrix (ECM) rigidity may mediate the invasion of GBM multiforme cells through actomyosin contractility (Ulrich et al., 2009; Yang et al., 2019).