TP53 and glioblastoma: Moreover, GBM treatment options such as oncogenic signaling pathways including RTK/Ras/PI3K (88%), p53 (87%) and pRB signaling pathways (78%), or VEGF-targeting monoclonal antibody Bevacizumab, DNA alkylating agents such as lomustine and carmustine implants, and the checkpoint blockade inhibitor have been underwhelming in GBM (10, 11).