Regarding the effect on cardiac hypertrophy, both miR-23a, miR-140, and miR-146a mediate cardiac hypertrophy through targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, GATA binding protein 4 and dihydrolipoyl succinyltransferase, respectively (Wang et al., 2012; Heggermont et al., 2017; Li et al., 2019). The gene discussed is GATA4; the disease is cardiac hypertrophy.