TYMS and cancer: Previous reports have indicated the potential involvement of genes such as MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor (MYC), forkhead box M1 (FOXM1), and E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) in regulating TYMS expression; in some cancers, TYMS expression was upregulated by FOXM1 and MYC and downregulated by E2F1 (Lam et al., 2014; Liu et al., 2019; Varghese et al., 2019).