The fold change of CSF NfL compared with healthy controls has been shown varied extensively between individual conditions, with the smallest effect sizes observed in subjective cognitive decline and PD, and the largest effect sizes observed in cardiac arrest, HIV-associated dementia, FTD/ALS, ALS and HD (Rosen et al., 2004; Bridel et al., 2019). Here, NEFL is linked to frontotemporal dementia.