We found that Iba1+IL-1β+ or Iba1+TNF-α+ cells were increased in AD (average 30.0 of CA1 and 30.8 of DG for IL-1β, and 24.8 of CA1 and 21.6 of DG for TNF-α), compared to the Control (average 10.4 of CA1 and 10.4 of DG for IL-1β, and 12.2 of CA1 and 9.2 of DG for TNF-α), and NS (average 12.2 of CA1 and 12.2 of DG for IL-1β, and 11.4 of CA1 and 9.2 of DG for TNF-α) groups (p < 0.01) (Figures 4A1–3,5–8,10, B1–3,5–8,10). The gene discussed is AIF1; the disease is Alzheimer disease.