Ideally, future studies should look at pharmacogenetic testing to identify the ACKR1 genotype (rs2814778 C-C allele SNP) opposed to self-declared ethnicity when screening for BEN [3, 23, 45, 46] especially considering that studies have demonstrated a weak correlation between skin colour or self-declared race and genetic ancestry [47]. The gene discussed is ACKR1; the disease is Balkan nephropathy.