When the plasma transcriptomic profile of glioma patients (i.e., high-grade glioma and low-grade glioma patients) was compared to healthy controls, the following genes were observed to be significantly over-expressed: BCL2L1, GZMB, HLA-A, IRF1, MYD88, TLR2, and TP53 (p < 0.001, versus control), see Fig. 1a. This evidence concerns the gene IRF1 and glioma.