JAK2 and urinary bladder carcinoma: Matrine can reduce the phosphorylation levels of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and inhibit STAT3-dependent transcriptional activity in human cholangiocarcinoma cells [13], and inhibit the proliferation and invasion of bladder cancer cells through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway [14].