CD38 and acute myeloid leukemia: The previous studies on AML leukemic stem cells demonstrated that anthracycline is less effective in killing LSCs (CD34+/CD38− cells) than committed leukemic cells (CD34+/CD38+ cells) [19], and the co-treatment of cytarabine and anthracyclines is less effective against primitive AML cells than against leukemia blasts [20,21].