Such a combination (anti-PD1/PDL1 and anti-CTLA4) has been shown to be effective in several tumour groups leading to approvals in the first line advanced setting in mesothelioma [24], renal cell carcinoma [25], melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [25]. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.