These results and previous studies from our group showing the TLR3-mediated release of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) [103] and C-C motif ligand 20 (CCL20) [104] from colonic IECs indicate that, e.g., a dsRNA virus can release proteins from IECs, recruiting immune cells to prolong inflammatory responses during active IBD. The gene discussed is CXCL10; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.