CBLB and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Although Cbl-b knockout mice have higher susceptibility to diverse experimental models of autoimmunity, including encephalomyelitis [124], autoimmune arthritis [133], and type 1 diabetes [137], spontaneously, Cbl-b-deficient mice, including knockout and catalytic dead knockin mice, only develop a mild and non-lethal autoimmunity phenotype [126,138].