Furthermore, higher miR-148a levels in serum and in B cells of LN patients have been shown to lower BTB and CNC homology 1 (BACH1), BTB and CNC homology 2 (BACH2) and paired box 5 (PAX5) expression in B cells, resulting in a lower percentage of circulating naïve B cells and a higher memory B cell-to-naïve B cell ratio, and is associated with development of multiple relapses in patients with LN [42]. Here, PAX5 is linked to lobular neoplasia.