In a patient cohort comparing healthy control subjects to those with cystic fibrosis (CF) pre-transplant as well as CF patients after having undergone double lung transplantation, one group found that neutrophils from pre-transplant CF patients were metabolically distinct (more aerobic glycolysis) and displayed significantly higher levels of NLRP3 inflammasome activation relative to the other groups [113]. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and cystic fibrosis.