GFAP and Cognitive impairment: Meng et al. have demonstrated that pinocembrin treatment alleviates cognitive impairments, diminishes neurological scores, declines neuronal loss in the hippocampus, and decreases the level of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 region in a rat model of transient global cerebral ischemia [88].