In HBV-transgenic mice, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), potential ligands for TLR4, were shown to accelerate TLR4 signaling, which inhibited HBV replication in CHB infection with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [71], suggesting an antiviral role of TLR4 against HBV infection. Here, TLR4 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.