A large amount of reports initiated at the end of 2000 and that are still ongoing regarding the intranasal administration of oxytocin support the hypothesis that oxytocin in the amygdala is involved in numerous central functions, i.e., anxiolysis, social memory and cognition, socially reinforced learning, empathy, face processing and fear in humans, autism, mental pathologies (schizophrenia, depression, drug dependence), erectile function, and sexual behavior (see [33,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,191,192,193,194,195]). The gene discussed is OXT; the disease is autism.