The aim of this work is to review studies on the role of oxytocin in erectile function and sexual behavior, from penile erection and copulation in laboratory animals to sexual intercourse in humans, including the most recent ones in which oxytocin was administered intranasally in humans, in order to provide an updated picture of the most recent discoveries and new possible advances that may be useful for realizing new strategies for the treatment of erectile dysfunction or other related sexual disorders based on the modulation of central oxytocin neurotransmission activity. The gene discussed is OXT; the disease is erectile dysfunction.