For instance, Lidofsky and colleagues demonstrated that soluble hemoglobin scavenger receptor (sCD163) from macrophages in patients infected with HIV-1 and HCV was positively associated with the severity of liver fibrosis from mild to moderate stage, with an Ishak fibrosis score up to 4, but not in established cirrhosis [103]. The gene discussed is CD163; the disease is Hepatic fibrosis.