Using Western blotting, we demonstrated that I3C treatment significantly reduced NEDD4-1 expression, together with a reduction in the expression of stemness markers (NESTIN and SOX2) and EMT (N-cadherin and vimentin) markers (Figure 4F), reflecting its anti-self-renewal, migration, and invasion properties in GBM cells. Here, NEDD4 is linked to glioblastoma.