Interestingly, gain-of-function defects (i.e., missense mutations of R18Q at the N terminus and of V84M in the TM1 region) in astrocytic Kir4.1 channels have been detected in children with autism spectrum disorders and epilepsy (Figure 4) [75,76], although information regarding the association of Kir4.1 channels with these disorders is still limited. The gene discussed is KCNJ10; the disease is epilepsy.