Del(5q) MDS is characterized by haploinsufficiency micro RNAs miR-145 and miR-146a, which stimulate overexpression of downstream effects of TLR signaling, including TRAF-interacting protein-6, and interleukin-receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) proteins, which in turn up-regulate NF-κB [11,12,33]. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is myelodysplastic syndrome.