Patients with MDS exhibit increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, and CXCL-10 expressed in bone marrow progenitor cells, macrophages, and stromal cells (Figure 1) [21,22,23,24,25]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is myelodysplastic syndrome.