PDCD1 and cancer: In a further innovative study, Routy et al. examined the relationship between the baseline gut microbiome and the clinical response of patients with NSCLC (n = 78) and RCC (n = 40) during ICIs (PD-1) treatment and reported that the relative abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila in fecal samples of both cancer groups before ICIs, was positively correlated with PFS and OS.