Interestingly, TWIST1 and SNAI1 mediated chemoresistance was independent of ABC transporters; the knockdown of TWIST1 and SNAI1 had no effect on ABCB1 and ABCG2 expression [150], suggesting the gain of tumor-initiating capabilities to be the major contributor to acquired chemoresistance. The gene discussed is SNAI1; the disease is neoplasm.