Subcutaneous or intravenous injection of human monoclonal anti-HMGB1-Ab #129 into 5xFAD mice (Supplementary Fig. 11a) suppressed MARCKS phosphorylation at Ser46 in immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses (Supplementary Fig. 11b, c), recovered decrease of dendritic spines (Supplementary Fig. 11d), and recovered cognitive impairment (Fig. 6e). The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is Cognitive impairment.