IL1B and Klinefelter syndrome: Several inflammatory proteins, some part of the IL1β pathway, are encoded on the X-chromosome.25 Compared with men, lower IL6 levels are seen in women and men with Klinefelter syndrome, both having two X-chromosomes.24 In light of this, it can be speculated that the male sex constitutes a more pro-inflammatory phenotype, with a greater susceptibility to IL6 trans-signalling and its consequences.