Gain-of-function mutations in NLRP3 lead to cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS), a spectrum of diseases that includes familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome (FCAS, formerly termed familial cold urticaria (FCU)), Muckle–Wells syndrome (MWS), and neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID; also called chronic infantile neurologic cutaneous and articular syndrome (CINCA)). The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome.