Two articles calculated a combination of factors/haematological ratios: the first [81] (n = 792) described HbA1c and hs-CRP being higher and SHBG lower in women who developed GDM; in the second [82] (n = 100) HBA1c and CRP were higher and SHBG and PAPP-A lower in GDM. The gene discussed is PAPPA; the disease is gestational diabetes.