To determine the levels of plasma chemokines in children with active TB disease and with no TB disease (but with other respiratory illness), we measured the plasma levels of CC (CCL1, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4 and CCL11) and CXC (CXCL1 CXCL2, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11) in children with confirmed TB (n = 44), unconfirmed TB (n = 47) and unlikely TB (n = 76) (Fig. 2). The gene discussed is CXCL1; the disease is tuberculosis.