While MiR-15, the other common core miRNA between COPD and NSCLC, may also function as a tumor-suppressor through the down-regulation of PIK3R3, a gene can serve as a second messenger in growth signaling pathways and can induce cell cycle arrest in the G1-G0 phase and act as a tumorigenesis miRNA in NSCLC [49–51]. Here, PIK3R3 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.