CD44 and inflammatory bowel disease: Other genes involved in tight junction, IBD, cAMP, Wnt, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, such as Myl7 (3.7-fold), Tlr5 (2.3-fold), Cd44 (1.9-fold), Ppara (1.9-fold), Gabbr1 (3.2-fold), Mmp7 (4.5-fold), Fzd3 (2.4-fold), Muc2 (1.6-fold), and Defb37 (8.8-fold), were upregulated, whereas Il34 (1.8-fold), Isl1 (1.9-fold), Gpr137b (3.4-fold), Prkacb (1.7-fold), Bmp2 (2.2-fold), and Hif1a (1.4-fold) were downregulated specifically in the pre-GML+DSS group (Fig. 2J, Fig. S3C, and Table S2).