It is noteworthy that four of the six proteins (APOA1, APOA4, APOC3, and PON3) were only significantly associated with incident CVD at stages 1–2 but not at higher stages (supplemental Fig. S2), probably because of the small number of subjects at each stage and the dramatic changes in HDL proteome in higher CKD stages. The gene discussed is APOC3; the disease is chronic kidney disease.