MTOR and parasitic infectious disease: In contrast, while parasitic infection resulted in the rapid loss of Paneth cell mTOR activity in CONV mice, GF mice retained phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 at all examined time points post infection (Figure 7B and C, and data not shown), strongly suggesting that the presence of the intestinal microbiota is required for the loss of mTOR activity in Paneth cells.