APOE and atherosclerosis: The APOE ε4 allele has been associated with cardiovascular conditions such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia (lipid metabolism), increased insulin resistance, enhanced response to inflammation (chronic inflammation), and increased atherosclerosis (vascular system) [60], which may provide links between diet and APOE ε4 carriership in relation to dementia risk since several of these cardiovascular conditions also are affected by dietary factors [5, 6, 44, 61, 62].