At the transcriptome level, the high expression levels of viral sensors MDA5 (IFIH1), R1G-1 (DDX58), and ISGS (ISG15, Mx1, Mx2, RSAD2, IFIT3, and IFIT5) and transcription factors like IRF-7 and STAT-1 that induce ISG expression were found in lymphocytes during virulent PPRV infection (25). The gene discussed is ISG15; the disease is infection.