Short-term saccharin supplementation (drinking water, 0.1 mg/ml), either before or after the induction of acute or chronic DSS-induced colitis, significantly decreased the mRNA levels (vs. controls) of colonic intracellular adhesion molecule (icam-1), a key regulator of inflammatory signaling, (20) via NF-κB activation (159). The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is colitis.