SPP1 and Nephropathy: Similarly, the expression of various emerging biomarkers such as urinary KIM-1, trefoil factor 3 (TFF-3), beta-2 microglobulin (B2mG), cystatin C (CysC), albumin (ALB), total protein (TP), clusterin (CLU), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), IL-18, and osteopontin (OPN) associated with different types of kidney damages can also be analyzed in this kidney organoid model for drug-induced nephrotoxicity assessment (Dieterle et al., 2010; Askenazi et al., 2011).