Nevertheless, recent studies have shown that FOXO4 is also a tumor promoter (Li et al., 2016; Choi et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2021); for example, the upregulated FOXO4 could inhibit the invasive and metastatic characteristics of cholangiocarcinoma cells by regulating focal adhesion kinase and F-actin dynamics. Here, FOXO4 is linked to cholangiocarcinoma.