DIGE quantitative proteomics analysis revealed the downregulation of UBC13 (UBE2N, ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 N) in PAC-resistant OC cells, and UBC13 modulated PAC sensitivity through the DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) checkpoint with forkhead and ring finger domain (CHFR)-aurora kinase A (Aurora A) signalling pathway in OC cells (143). Here, UBE2N is linked to gonorrhea.