demonstrated that Alpha-Tocopherol, one component of Vitamin E, targets PPAR-γ and increases the expression of its downstream PTEN whereas downregulates Akt in rat esophageal cancer model induced by N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA), indicating the chemoprevention role of Alpha-Tocopherol in early stage of esophageal cancer (119). This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and esophageal cancer.