PDK4 and lung cancer: According to Srivastava et al., the activation of PPAR-γ by PGZ induces a metabolic switch, inhibits pyruvate oxidation, by suppressing pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) or β-oxidation of fatty acids, causes a marked increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and eventually cell cycle arrest in lung cancer cells (85).