CASP1 and neoplasm: Here, our finding showed that DPP-4i promoted caspase-1-dependent processing of IL-1β and IL-33 by activating NF-кB–NLRP3 activation, indicating that DPP-4i may reprogram tumor microenvironment by promoting 4T1 cells-derived IL-1β and IL-33 via NF-кB–NLRP3 pathway.