Within the tumor, DNA methylation affects key glycolytic components, including glucose transporters (GLUT1, GLUT3), lactate dehydrogenase genes (LDH-A, LDH-B), the hexokinase 2 isoform (HK2), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and the pyruvate kinase (PK) isoform M2 (PKM2), each of which contribute to the Warburg effect (66). This evidence concerns the gene HK2 and neoplasm.