Although less well characterized in breast cancer, genetic alterations that occur in breast cancer (cyclin D1 overexpression (40, 41) and epigenetic changes [FBP1 (42), the Jumonji-domain histone demethylase (JHDM)3C (43)], are sufficient to induces metabolic changes reflected by the Warburg effect. Here, FBP1 is linked to breast cancer.