Three novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), two in apolipoprotein B (APOB) and one in phospholipase A2 (PLA2G4A), have been found associated with persistent weight stability and insulin sensitivity in lean macaques, which collectively produces an obesity-resistant phenotype in adult female macaques [134]. Here, PLA2G4A is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.