IRAK1 and infection: With the expansion of necrotic lesions on B. elliptica-inoculated “Sorbonne” leaves (middle stage of infection), genes including PBL19, CRK2, and WAK5, which are all members of the Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase (IRAK) gene family, were instrumental in the defense against B. elliptica (Figure 5B).