The biomarkers Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD1) and Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) exhibited higher expression in ccRCC than in chRCC or pRCC, and high expression was correlated with decreased survival in all RCC patients (P=0.02) (6, 7). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.