This also impacts the function of HSCs, akin to emergency hematopoiesis seen in other stressful states such as severe infection and radiation exposure where pro-inflammatory signals (IFNα/β, IFNγ, TNFα, IL1-R, IL-5, and IL-6) encourage HSC response and subsequent downstream maturation and differentiation (10, 12, 13). The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is infection.