In addition, natural killer (NK) cells, which confer similar cytotoxic effect as CTLs but have distinct approaches to control their activity and specificity (Chiang et al., 2013), might also be influenced by IL16, since type I IFNs act directly on NK cells to promote their activation, proliferation, and cytotoxic function during viral infection (Stackaruk et al., 2013; Madera et al., 2016). This evidence concerns the gene IL16 and viral infectious disease.