Likewise, the KISS1 and KISS1R genes are linked mainly not only to cancer as they act as metastasis suppressor genes (mainly suppressing melanomas and breast carcinoma metastases) but also to central precocious puberty as kisspeptin (protein product of these genes) regulates the pubertal activation of GnRH neurons by stimulating gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-induced gonadotropin secretion. Here, GNRH1 is linked to breast carcinoma.