NFKB1 and mastitis: A study performed in 2018 reported that peiminine exerted a protective effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced mastitis by repressing signaling pathways such as protein kinase B (Akt), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) (11), and peiminine was shown to similarly protect dopaminergic neurons from neuroinflammation by inhibiting the extracellular-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) and NF-κB pathways in another study (12).